Several Jewish tombstones have also been found in port cities such as Cap-Haïtien and Jacmel. Recently, archaeologists uncovered an ancient synagogue of Crypto-Jews in the city of Jérémie, the only one found on the island Jérémie was inhabited by many mixed-race families of Jewish descent. Jews generally preferred to settle on the coastline in port cities, as many were involved in commerce and trade, establishing communities in major industry centers. In the mid-1700s, many Jews returned to Haiti.ĭue to a lack of Jewish community centers, many youth did not grow up with a Jewish education and had to hide their Judaism, as only Catholics were permitted to attend public school. These Jews tended to specialize in agricultural plantations, with Portuguese Jews from Bordeaux and Bayonne settling mainly in the southern part of Haiti ( Jacmel, Jérémie, Léogâne, Les Cayes, Petit-Goâve, and Port-au-Prince) and Curaçaoan Jews settling in the northern part ( Cap-Haitien and Saint Louis).
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However, despite the Code Noir, a limited number of Jews remained in French trading companies as leading officials, including foreign citizens ( Dutch Jews, Danish Jews, and English Jews) or holders of special residence permits ( lettres patentes).
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In 1683, the Jews were expelled from Haiti and all other French colonies, due to the Code Noir (Black Code), which both restricted the activities of free Negroes and forbade the exercise of any religion other than Roman Catholicism.
After Haiti was taken over and colonized by the French in 1633, many Dutch Jews (of whom many were Marrano) emigrated from Brazil in 1634 and became employees of the French sugar plantations and further developed the trade. In 1492, the first Jew in Haiti was Luis de Torres, an interpreter for Christopher Columbus. The history of the Jews in Haiti stretches from the beginning of the European settlement until the modern day.Īs of 2013, the Jewish population was around 25, predominantly in the capital of Port-au-Prince.
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